A solar power plant (PLTS) is a power plant that uses solar photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert solar radiation into electrical energy. This power plant is a form of renewable energy in the utilization of an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly.
Alternative electricity sources are now increasingly needed in line with the large number of people who need electricity, as well as the increasing cost of conventional electricity basic rates. One example of this power source is solar panels.
So what exactly are solar panels?
Solar Panel Definition
By definition, a solar panel is a tool that consists of a collection of solar cells. The cell is made of semiconductor material and arranged in such a way that it absorbs sunlight which is later converted into electricity. The more solar cells collected, the more electricity the solar panels will produce.
The solar cell is an important element in the solar panel because it is this component that converts sunlight into electricity. Solar cells generally consist of a semiconductor, anti-reflective, metal layer of silicon, and a metal conducting strip.
Types of Solar Panels
Currently, there are four types of solar panels on the market, namely:
1. Polycrystalline
This type of solar panel is made from molten rods of silicon crystals that are pressed into a square-shaped mold. This solar panel is a tight and neat arrangement, and has the appearance that there is a crack in the solar cell.
In order to produce large amounts of electricity, this type of solar panel must be attached to a large cross-section. It is recommended not to install this solar panel in an area prone to overcast because it will reduce the efficiency of this solar panel in absorbing sunlight.
2. Monocrystalline
This is the most commonly used type of solar panel. This panel is made of silicone which is cut thinly using a special cutting machine. This solar panel can absorb sunlight efficiently with an efficiency of up to 15 percent. The distinctive feature of this panel is its appearance which is dominated by black, as well as a thin shape.
This panel can be used with other electrical equipment such as Submersible Pumps. Make sure to install this solar panel in a place with bright light so that its efficiency is maintained.
3. Thin Film Solar Cel
This type of solar panel is made of thin solar cells mounted on a base layer. This solar panel has a size that is very thin, light, light weight, and flexible. This type of solar panel is suitable for commercial use, and can work very well in fluorescent light. The only drawback of this solar panel is its low efficiency, which is only 8.5 percent.
4. Compound Thin Film Triple Junction Photovoltaic
This type of solar panel is often used for devices that will be flown into outer space. The efficiency of this solar panel is very high and is capable of generating 45 percent of electric power; larger than the previous three types of solar panels. Unfortunately, this type of panel is heavier and more fragile than other types of solar panels.
Benefits of Solar Panels in the Long Term
The use of solar panels can provide long-term benefits for users. Some of them are:
1. Eco-Friendly
In use, solar panels will not emit carbon emissions that are harmful to the surrounding environment. This makes solar panels considered more environmentally friendly than conventional power sources.
2. Durable and Cost-Effective
Conventional electricity sources generally use fossil fuels which if used excessively will cause scarcity. This scarcity has gradually increased the cost of basic electricity tariffs.
In contrast, solar panels use sunlight as the main energy source. This energy source does not run out easily and is always renewable, making it more durable and cost-effective.
3. Long Lasting
The lifetime of solar panels is quite long, which is 30 years. This service life allows users to get electricity from solar panels for a long time. The durability is also good and can continue to function even though exposed to extreme weather. Solar panels are also easy to maintain, where users only need to replace the cable or inverter if needed.
4. Increasing the Selling Value of a Property
Solar panels also provide commercial benefits for their users. A house or building fitted with solar panels will have an increased selling price because it is considered a green building property.
How Solar Panels Work
Solar panels work on the principle of electromotive force that occurs in the solar cells. The force starts when photons from sunlight will experience collisions with solar panels. The collision causes photons to be absorbed by the semiconductor material in solar panels, and causes electrons (negative electric charge) to be released from atoms.
These released electrons will flow through the semiconductor material of the solar panels and form an electric current. On the other hand, positive electric charges which are also called holes will flow in the opposite direction to the flow of electrons. When given a load in the form of a lamp or other electrical device, the movement of the two charges will generate an electric current.
